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Lot 27: GELDORP GORTZIUS (1553-NA/ AFTER 1619 )

Est: €15,000 EUR - €20,000 EURSold:
Bernaerts AuctioneersAntwerp, BelgiumApril 20, 2021

Item Overview

Description

Double portrait of Martin Hureau (1575-1630) and Margaretha de Groote
(1590-1670), Cologne 1608.

Oil on panel. A pair. Both dated and monogrammed in the upper left and right corners: 'A°n°∙1608./ GG∙F'. 19th-century frames.

Both paintings show the portrayed from the hip. Martin Hureau is facing left, with his left hand on his side, and Margaretha de Groote is facing right, with her arms loosely against her skirt. Two paper labels with an inscription are attached to the reverse of Martin Hureau's painting: an older label with an inscription in an 18th- or 19th-century handwriting that is very damaged and a more recent label with a transcription of the older label ‘Dit is het Portrait / van Martin Hurian / Moederlijken Groot / vader van Louis van / Colen Heere van / Broechem ende / sijne huysvrouwe / was margareta de / groot gebortig van / Ceulen / Recuiescant (sic.) in pace’
(This is the portrait of Martin Hureau, grandfather by motherside of Louis van Colen, lord of Broechem and his wife was Margaretha de Groote, born in Cologne. May they rest in peace.)

The portrait of Margaretha de Groote bears three corresponding labels on the reverse. Again an old, damaged label with an 18th- or 19th-century inscription. A more recent label with a transcription of the old, damaged label: ‘Dit is het Portrait / van Margareta de / Groot, Moederlijke / Groot-Moeder van / Louis van Colen / Heere van broechem E. / haren Man was / Martin Hurian. / Recuiescant (sic.) in pace’
(This is the portrait of Margaretha de Groote, grandmother by mother’s side
of Louis van Colen, Lord of Broechem. Her husband was Martin Hureau.
May they rest in peace.)

Below this a third inscription something is written in white paint which is a French summary of the above labels: 'portrait de marguerite de / groot épouse de martin / Hurian, grand-mère / maternelle de Louis Van / Colen. / peint par Gualdorp / en 1608 / moretus de Boechout'.
(Portrait of Margaretha de Groote, wife of Martin Hureau, grandmother by mother’s side of Louis van Colen. Paint by Geldorp in 1608. Moretus de Boechout.)

Provenance:
Cologne, Venice and Antwerp 1608-1670, collection of Martin Hureau and Margaretha de Groote. The couple stayed in Venice until Martin's death in 1630. Margaretha travelled to Antwerp in 1632 and stayed there until her
death in 1670;
Her daughter, Suzanne Hureau, Lady of Berchem (1612-1676) inherited her mother's paintings;
Her son, Lodewijk van Colen Lord of Burcht, Broechem and Oelegem (1645-1715) inherited the paintings from his mother;
Presumably inherited by their son Servaas van Colen, Lord of Brucht (1672-1705), married to Maria Catharina van Courtois Lady of Bouchout
(1672-1730);
Presumably inherited by their son Karel Joseph van Colen Lord of Bouchout (1694-1736), married to Catharina Therese Emptinck (1710-1764);
Presumably inherited by their son Charles Joseph van Colen, Lord of Boechout and Burcht (1735-1791), married to Jeanne Marie Simone Joseph de Fraula (1742-1805);
Presumably inherited by their son Lodewijk Paul Karel Joseph van Colen Lord of Bouchout (1766-1820) who died in as the last male member of the Van Colen family, married to Thérèse Marie Josèphe de Bosschaert (1760-1825);
Presumably inherited by their daughter Maria Caroline Theresa Josepha van Colen de Boechout (1784-1836) married to Jean-Paul Moretus (1782-1850);
Presumably inherited by their son Charles Paul Joseph Moretus de Boechout (1806-1880) married to Anne Joséphine Antoinette Marie du Bois (1819-1848);
Presumably inherited by their son Emile Paul Joseph Marie Aloïs Moretus de Bouchout (1842-1917) married to Zoé Anne Marie Hubertine Ghislaine du Bois d'Aische (1847-1940);
Presumably inherited by their son Philippe Adrien Marie Moretus de Bouchout (1874-1942) married to Valentine Marie Joséphine le Grelle (1880-1947);
Presumably inherited by their daughter Hélèle Clémence Albertine Moretus de Bouchout (1915-2015) married to Jean Englebert Joseph Le Grelle (1911-1990);
Inherited by their grandchildren

Roland Baetens, historian of the De Groote trading house, writes how the young Martin Hureau, is travelling to Cologne with a troubled mind to meet his fiancée of whom he only knows that she is rich but ugly. Around May 1608, Martin complains about this in a letter to his friend and business partner Louis du Bois (1583-1651). This letter is still kept in the Antwerp city Archives. Despite his concerns, the marriage was celebrated shortly after, on October 4th.

The 33-year-old groom was right about the wealth of his young bride. Margaretha de Groote was the daughter of Nicolaas de Groote (1549-1613), an important merchant in spices, textiles and luxury goods who established his business during the Antwerp Golden Age. Due to the turmoil of the 80-year war, Nicolaas and his family fled the city in 1584. They immigrated to Cologne where he further expanded his trading empire and became one of the city's most prosperous citizens.

Prior to the wedding, several family councils were held to adjust the trade organisation and partnership in the form of complex business contract. Hureau's new affiliation with the De Groote family and his link with the other trading families such as the Fourmenois and Pellicorne clan, were thus commercially settled. As early as November 1608 the young couple travels to Venice to represent the newly established trade organisation which also had branches in Cologne, Pesaro, Amsterdam and Leiden.

As for the appearance of his bride, Martin seems to have been wrong. Geldorp Gortzius depicts her with a soft face, mischievous eyes, full lips and luxurious attire. The beautiful details in the corset and the lace cuffs of her sleeves show his talent for painting textiles. Her mischievous eyes also reveal her intelligence. After her husband's death in 1630, Margaretha proves herself as an excellent businesswoman. In 1632 she travels to Antwerp where she continues to profit from her trade relations established in Venice.
Roland Baetens writes how she is involved in an enormous transaction in raw Persian silk which she bought directly from the Dutch East India Company in 1633. Over Spain, she trades in precious metals that she resells to the bank. She is also heavily involved in the exchange trade between Amsterdam and Venice, speculating on the currency. Even after the age of 68, she continues to invest a large part of her fortune together with trading family members. In 1670, she dies at the age of 80 in her house 'den dom van Ceulen' in Antwerp and, according to Roland Baetens, leaves her two daughters with one of the largest inheritances of the century.

Also Geldorp Gortzius – only known by his two surnames, his first name is still unknown - emigrated from Flanders to Cologne. In 1553 he is born in Leuven and in Antwerp he is the apprentice of Frans Francken I (1542-1616) and Frans Pourbus I (1545-1581). Later, he is selected as court painter of Carlo d'Aragona Tagliavia, Duke of Terranova (1530-1599), who invites him to Cologne, where he will stay for the rest of his life. He mainly paints sober portraits of distinguished citizens in black clothes with a black background. Yet, he distinguishes himself from the traditional Cologne painters by using more colour and a softer approach for the faces. This made him very popular with the well-to-do classes, who were eager to be immortalised by his work. The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam owns two family series by his hand, including two very similar portraits of Lucretia del Prado and her husband Jeremias Boudinois from 1610 ( and ).





Description FR
Portrait double de Martin Hureau (1575-1630) et Margaretha de Groote (1590-1670), Cologne 1608.

Huile sur panneau. Une paire. Datée et monogrammée dans le coin supérieur gauche et droite 'A°n°∙1608./ GG∙F.'.
Cadres du 19ème siècle.

Les deux tableaux montrent le portrait à partir de la hanche. Martin Hureau tourné vers la gauche, la main gauche sur le côté, et Margaretha de Groote tournée vers la droite, ses bras tenant librement sa jupe. Au revers du tableau de l'homme deux étiquettes en papier sont attachées avec une inscription. La plus ancienne avec une une inscription du 18ème ou du 19ème siècle difficilement lisible et la deuxième, plus récente avec une transcription de la première : 'Ceci est le portrait / de Martin Hurian / grand-père maternel / de Louis van / Colen Heere van / Broechem et / son épouse / était margareta de / groot gebortig van / Ceulen / Recuiescant in pace".

Le portrait de Margaretha de Groote porte trois étiquettes au revers. A nouveau, une vieille étiquette abîmée avec une inscription du 18ème ou du 19ème siècle, une plus récente avec en rappel une transcription de la première: 'Ceci est le portrait / de Margareta de / Groot, grand-mère maternelle de / Louis van Colen / Heere van broechem E. / son mari était / Martin Hurian. / Recuiescant in pace'.
Puis, une troisième inscription écrite avec un résumé en français des étiquettes mentionnées : 'portrait de marguerite de / groot épouse de martin / Hurian, grand-mère / maternelle de Louis Van / Colen. / peint par Gualdorp / en 1608 / moretus de Boechout'.

Provenance :
Cologne, Venise, Anvers 1608-1670, collection Martin Hureau et Margaret de Groote.
Le couple est resté à Venise jusqu'à la mort de Martin en 1630.
Margaretha se rend à Anvers en 1632 et y meurt en 1670 ;
Sa fille, Suzanne Hureau, Dame de Berchem (1612-1676) a hérité des peintures de sa mère ;
Son fils, Lodewijk van Colen, seigneur de Burcht, Broechem et Oelegem (1645-1715), a hérité des tableaux de sa mère ;
Probablement hérité par leur fils Servaas Colen, Seigneur de Burcht (1672-1705), marié à Maria Catharina van Courtois, Dame de Bouchout (1672-1730) ;
Vraisemblablement hérité par leur fils Karel Joseph Colen Seigneur de Bouchout (1694-1736), marié à Catharina Therese Emptinck (1710-1764) ;
Probablement hérité par leur fils Charles Joseph van Colen, Seigneur de Boechout et Burcht (1735-1791), marié à Jeanne Marie Simone Joseph de Fraula (1742-1805) ;
Vraisemblablement hérité par leur fils Lodewijk Paul Karel Joseph Colen Lord de Bouchout (1766-1820) qui meurt en tant que dernier de sa branche familiale Van Colen, marié à Thérèse Marie Josèphe de Bosschaert (1760-1825) ;
Probablement hérité par leur fille Maria Caroline Theresa Josepha Colen de Boechout (1784-1836) mariée à Jean-Paul Moretus (1782-1850) qui devint échevin d'Anvers ;
Vraisemblablement hérité par leur fils Charles Paul Joseph Moretus de Boechout (1806-1880) marié à Anne Joséphine Antoinette Marie du Bois (1819-1848) ;
Vraisemblablement hérité par leur fils Emile Paul Joseph Marie Aloïs Moretus de Bouchout (1842-1917) marié à Zoé Anne Marie Hubertine Ghislaine du Bois d'Aische (1847-1940) ;
Vraisemblablement hérité par leur fils Philippe Adrien Marie Moretus de Bouchout (1874-1942) marié à Valentine Marie Joséphine le Grelle (1880-1947) ;
Vraisemblablement hérité par leur fille Hélène Clémence Albertine Moretus de Bouchout (1915-2015) mariée à Jean Englebert Joseph Le Grelle (1911-1990);
Hérités par leurs petits-enfants

Roland Baetens, historien de la maison de commerce De Groote, écrit que le jeune Martin Hureau, vers le mois de mai 1608, s'est rendu à Cologne pour rencontrer sa fiancée, dont il savait seulement qu'elle était laide mais riche. Martin en parle dans une lettre, conservée aux Felix archieven d'Anvers, à son ami et partenaire commercial Louis de Bois. Quoi qu'il en soit, le mariage est célébré le 4 octobre. Cela suggère que les portraits ont été peints à l'occasion de cette fête de mariage. Le marié de 33 ans ne se trompe pas sur la richesse de sa jeune épouse. Elle est la fille de Nicolaas de Groote (1549-1613), un important marchand d'épices, de textiles et de produits de luxe d'Anvers. En 1584, Nicolaas et sa famille émigrent à Cologne, où il développe son empire commercial et devient l'un des citoyens les plus riches de la ville.

Plus d'un conseil de famille s'est tenu avant la fête de mariage afin d'adapter l'organisation commerciale à ce nouveau mariage sous la forme d'un contrat de partenariat. La parenté de Hureau avec les familles Fourmenois et Pellicorne, et le mariage de Martin avec une fille du marchand anversois Nicolaas de Groote, étaient ainsi réglés sur le point commercial. En novembre 1608, le jeune couple se rend à Venise pour diriger l'entreprise qui, via Cologne, possède des filiales à Pesaro, Amsterdam et Leyde.

Quant à l'apparence de sa fiancée, Martin semble s'être trompé. Geldorp Gortzius la dépeint avec un visage doux, des yeux rogues, des lèvres pleines et des vêtements somptueux. Les beaux détails du corset et les poignets en dentelle de ses manches montrent son talent pour peindre les textiles. Ses yeux malicieux révèlent également son intelligence. Après la mort de son mari en 1630, Margaretha fera preuve d'un excellent flair pour les affaires. En 1632, elle retourne à Anvers où elle continue à utiliser avec succès les relations commerciales établies à Venise. Roland Baetens écrit qu'en 1633, elle a été impliquée dans une énorme transaction de soie brute persane qu'elle a achetée directement à la Compagnie néerlandaise des Indes orientales. Via l'Espagne, elle négocie des métaux précieux qui ont été revendus à la banque. Elle était également très impliquée dans le commerce d'échange entre Amsterdam et Venise, spéculant sur la différence des taux de change. Même après l'âge de 68 ans, elle a continué à investir une grande partie de sa fortune auprès des membres de sa famille commerciale. En 1670, elle mourut à l'âge de 80 ans dans sa maison 'den dom van Ceulen' dans la Minderbroedersstraat. Selon Roland Baetens, elle laissa à ses deux filles une des plus grandes fortunes du siècle.

Geldorp Gortzius - ce sont ses deux noms de famille, son prénom est inconnu jusqu' aujourd'hui - a également émigré des Flandres vers Cologne. En 1553, il est né à Louvain et à Anvers, il a été apprenti chez Frans Francken I (1542-1616) et Frans Pourbus I (1545-1581). Plus tard, il devient le peintre de la cour de Carlo Tagliaviad'Aragona, deuxième comte de Terranova (1530-1599), qui l'invite à Cologne où il restera jusqu'à la fin de sa vie. Il a peint principalement des portraits sobres de citoyens distingués dans des vêtements noirs et sur un fond noir. Pourtant, il a utilisé plus de couleurs et a réussi à représenter les visages de manière plus douce que les peintres traditionnels de Cologne. Cela l'a rendu très populaire auprès de la nobelle, désireuse d'être immortalisée par ses pinceaux. Le Rijksmuseum d'Amsterdam possède deux séries familiales de sa main, dont deux portraits très similaires de Lucretia del Prado et son mari Jeremias Boudinois ( et ).

Beschrijving NL
Dubbelportret van Martin Hureau (1575-1630) en Margaretha de Groote (1590-1670), Keulen 1608.

Olieverf op paneel. Een paar. Beide gedateerd en gemonogrammeerd in de linker - en rechter bovenhoek 'A°n°∙1608./ GG∙F.'. 19de-eeuwse kaders.

Beide schilderijen tonen de geportretteerden vanaf de heup. Martin Hureau naar links gekeerd, met de linkerhand in de zij, en Margaretha de Groote naar rechts gekeerd met de armen los tegen haar rok. Op de keerzijde van het schilderij van Martin Hureau kleven twee papieren etiketten met een opschrift. Eén ouder etiket met een opschrift in een 18de-of 19de-eeuws handschrift dat erg beschadigd is, een recenter etiket met een transcriptie van het oudere etiket ‘Dit is het Portrait / van Martin Hurian / Moederlijken Groot / vader van Louis van / Colen Heere van / Broechem ende / sijne huysvrouwe / was margareta de / groot gebortig van / Ceulen / Recuiescant in pace’

Het portret van Margaretha de Groote draagt drie etiketten op keerzijde. Wederom een oud beschadigd etiket met een 18de- of 19de-eeuws opschrift. Een recenter etiket met een transcriptie van het oude, beschadigde etiket: ‘Dit is het Portrait / van Margareta de / Groot, Moederlijke / Groot-Moeder van / Louis van Colen / Heere van broechem E. / haren Man was / Martin Hurian. / Recuiescant in pace’
Hieronder vinden we een derde opschrift in witte verf geschreven met een Franse samenvatting van de bovenstaande etiketten: ‘portrait de marguerite de / groot épouse de martin / Hurian, grand-mère / maternelle de Louis Van / Colen. / peint par Gualdorp / en 1608 / moretus de Boechout’.

Herkomst:
Keulen, Venetië, Antwerpen 1608-1670, collectie Martin Hureau en Margaretha de Groote. Het echtpaar verblijft in Venetië tot de dood van Martin in 1630. Margaretha reist in 1632 naar Antwerpen en sterft daar in 1670;
Haar dochter, Suzanne Hureau Vrouwe van Berchem (1612-1676) erft de schilderijen van haar moeder;
Haar zoon, Lodewijk van Colen heer van Burcht, Broechem en Oelegem (1645-1715) erft de schilderijen van zijn moeder;
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun zoon Servaas Colen, Heer van Burcht (1672-1705), gehuwd met Maria Catharina van Courtois Vrouwe van Bouchout (1672-1730);
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun zoon Karel Joseph Colen Heer van Bouchout (1694-1736), gehuwd met Catharina Therese Emptinck (1710-1764);
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun zoon Charles Joseph van Colen, Heer van Boechout en Burcht (1735-1791), gehuwd met Jeanne Marie Simone Joseph de Fraula (1742-1805);
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun zoon Lodewijk Paul Karel Joseph Colen Heer van Bouchout (1766-1820) die overlijdt in als laatste van zijn familietak Van Colen, gehuwd met Thérèse Marie Josèphe de Bosschaert (1760-1825);
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun dochter Maria Caroline Theresa Josepha Colen de Boechout (1784-1836) gehuwd met Jean-Paul Moretus (1782-1850) die schepen werd van Antwerpen;
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun zoon Charles Paul Joseph Moretus de Boechout (1806-1880) gehuwd met Anne Joséphine Antoinette Marie du Bois (1819-1848);
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun zoon Emile Paul Joseph Marie Aloïs Moretus de Bouchout (1842-1917) gehuwd met Zoé Anne Marie Hubertine Ghislaine du Bois d’Aische (1847-1940);
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun zoon Philippe Adrien Marie Moretus de Bouchout (1874-1942) gehuwd met Valentine Marie Joséphine le Grelle (1880-1947);
Vermoedelijk geërfd door hun dochter Hélène Clémence Albertine Moretus de Bouchout (1915-2015) gehuwd met Jean Englebert Joseph Le Grelle (1911-1990);
Geërfd door hun kleinkinderen

Roland Baetens, historicus van het handelshuis De Groote, schrijft hoe de jonge Martin Hureau rond mei 1608 in een onzekere gemoedsstemming naar Keulen reist om er zijn verloofde te ontmoeten, waarvan hij enkel meent te weten dat ze lelijk is maar rijk. Hierover schrijft Martin in een brief aan zijn vriend en zakenpartner Louis de Bois die nog steeds bewaard worden in het Antwerpse Felixarchief. Wat er ook van zij, op 4 oktober wordt het huwelijk voltrokken. Dit doet vermoeden dat de portretten zijn geschilderd naar aanleiding van dit huwelijksfeest. De 33-jarige bruidegom heeft wat betreft welstand van zijn jonge bruid gelijk. Ze is de dochter van Nicolaas de Groote (1549-1613), een belangrijk handelaar in specerijen, textiel en luxe goederen van Antwerpen. In 1584 week Nicolaas met zijn gezin uit naar Keulen waar hij zijn handels imperium verder uitbouwde en één van de meest welvarende burgers van de stad werd.

Vooraf aan het huwelijksfeest wordt meer dan één familieraad gehouden om in het kader van dit nieuwe huwelijk de handelsorganisatie aan te passen in de vorm van een vennootschapscontract. De verwantschap van Hureau met de families Fourmenois en Pellicorne, en het huwelijk van Martin met een dochter van de voorname Antwerpse koopman Nicolaas de Groote werd zo commercieel beklonken. Al in november 1608 trekt het jonge paar naar Venetië om daar de zaak te leiden die over Keulen nog vertakkingen in Pesaro, Amsterdam en Leiden had.

Wat betreft het uiterlijk van zijn bruid, lijkt Martin ongelijk te hebben. Geldorp Gortzius portretteert haar met een zacht gelaat, guitige ogen, volle lippen en luisterrijke kledij. De mooie details in het korset en de kanten boorden van haar mouwen tonen zijn talent voor het schilderen van textiel. Haar guitige ogen onthullen ook haar intelligentie. Na de dood van haar man in 1630 zal Margaretha blijk geven van uitstekende neus voor zaken. In 1632 reist ze terug naar Antwerpen waar ze dankbaar gebruik blijft maken van de in Venetië tot stand gebrachte handelsrelaties. Roland Baetens schrijft hoe ze in 1633 is betrokken bij een reusachtige transactie in ruwe Perzische zijde die ze rechtstreeks aankocht bij de Verenigde oost Indische Compagnie. Via Spanje handelt deze actieve dame in edel metaal dat aan de bank werd doorverkocht. Daarnaast is ze ook sterk betrokken in de wisselhandel tussen Amsterdam en Venetië waarbij ze speculeert op het koersverschil. Zelfs na haar 68ste blijft ze nog een groot deel van haar vermogen beleggen bij handeldrijvende familieleden. In 1670 sterft ze op 80-jarige leeftijd in haar woonhuis ‘den dom van Ceulen’ in de Minderbroedersstraat en laat ze, volgens Roland Baetens, haar twee dochters een der grootste vermogen van de eeuw na.

Ook Geldorp Gortzius – dit zijn zijn twee achternamen, zijn voornaam is tot op heden onbekend - is vanuit Vlaanderen naar Keulen uitgeweken. In 1553 wordt hij in Leuven geboren en gaat in Antwerpen in de leer bij Frans Francken I (1542-1616) en Frans Pourbus I (1545/45-1581). Later wordt hij hofschilder bij de Carlo Tagliaviad’Aragona, tweede graaf van Terranova (1530-1599) die hem uitnodigt naar Keulen waar hij de rest van zijn leven zal blijven. Hij schildert voornamelijk sobere portretten van voorname burgers in zwarte kledij en met een zwarte achtergrond. Toch gebruikt hij meer kleur en weet hij de gezichten zachter weer te geven dan de traditionele Keulse schilders. Dit maakt hem erg populair bij de gegoede klasse die zich graag door zijn penselen laten vereeuwigen. Het Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam bezit twee familiereeksen van zijn hand, waaronder twee zeer gelijkaardige portretten Jeremias Boudinois en zijn echtgenote Lucretia del Prado van uit 1610 ( en ).

Dimensions

105 x 76.5 cm(127 x 100 cm)

Artist or Maker

Literature

Roland Baetens, De nazomer van Antwerpens welvaart. De diaspora en het handelshuis De Groote tijdens de eerste helft der 17de-eeuw, Pro Civitate, vol. 8, nr. 45, 1976, pp. 186-194, illustrated.

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Auction Details

The Le Grelle - Moretus Collection

by
Bernaerts Auctioneers
April 20, 2021, 02:00 PM CET

Verlatstraat 16-22, Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000, BE

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The purchaser may designate a proxy, provided that he signals it to the auctioneer at the end of the sale. The purchaser answers for the solvency and the competence of its proxy; each purchaser remains responsible for its purchase, even if another person is stated as (proxy) purchaser.

5. Guarantee
The successful bid does not imply any guarantee on the part of the auctioneer responsible for the sale nor on the part of the acting judicial officer, concerning among others the authenticity. Items and art objects are sold in the state in which they are at the auction exhibition and sale, and without any guarantee. Buyers are expected to have reviewed items and objects of art and to have made their offer being informed. The estimated prices quoted in the catalogue serve for information purposes only. If necessary, the catalogue on paper takes precedence over the electronic version (on paper catalogues can be consulted or downloaded free of charges on www.bernaerts.be ). In exceptional cases, the sale of an art object can be cancelled and the hammer price refunded to the purchaser if the object bought is returned within three weeks, with evidence that it is a falsification, and provided that the object remained in the same condition as at the time of the auction.

6. Indivisibility and particularity
All obligations of purchase are by law, jointly and indissolubly, both for legal persons as for physical persons, the responsibility of all those who buy for a joint account, the final purchaser and those who bought for him, on the securities between them and those for whom they act as guarantor, as well as the heirs and successors of each of the people mentioned above.

7. Payment of the purchase price and the additional costs by the purchaser
The purchaser in the room and the purchaser who has bid by purchase order must pay, immediately after the sale or at the time of the removal of the items,
the hammer price, plus 22% on the hammer price in the room and on the absentee bid,
plus 25% on the hammer price by telephone bid, including VAT, for costs.
The simultaneous sale in live (webcast) bidders must pay the purchase price increased by 28% on the hammer price, VAT included.
The silent sales and/or aftersales bidders must pay the purchase price increased by 30% on the hammer price, VAT included.

For each item, an additional administrative costs of € 2 will have to be paid and, if applicable, a droit de suite (right to follow or resale right). The droit de suite is an extension of the copyright law that entitles a compensation to the creator of a work of art in case of a resale of the work.

This right may apply both to sculptures and to graphic works of art. A droit the suite is charged in case of a resale of original works of art of living artists or artists who died less than 70 years ago and from a price of € 2,000.00 on. It amounts to 4% of the price up to € 50,000.00; to 3% of the auction price segment between € 50,000.01 and € 200,000.00; to 1% of the auction price segment between € 200,000.01 and € 350,000.00; to 0.50% of the auction price segment between € 350,000.01 and € 500,000.00; to 0.25% of the auction price segment above € 500,000.01 price. However, the droit de suite can never exceed € 12,500.00. The rate of the first segment, i.e. 4%, should be applied to the entire amount that lies within this segment. (Law of 4 December 2006 and R.D. of 2 August 2007). Only banknotes in euros (up to an amount of € 2,999 per object, fees included) or cheques guaranteed by a Belgian Bank (or Bancontact card) will be accepted for payment of the purchase price and costs. Cheque cashing fees will be charged to the buyer. In case of payment through a non-certified cheque, delivery of the items may be suspended until the crediting. Payments by credit card (Mastercard, Eurocard or Visa) involve an extra cost.

8. Compensation - confusion
The buyer cannot claim nor compensation, nor confusion, nor article 1653 of the Belgian Civil Code in case of trouble of the purchaser.

9. Resale - irresponsible bidding
If the purchaser, the highest bidder, the guarantor and/or the indicated proxy have failed to immediately fulfil the obligations set out in these terms and conditions or to immediately meet one of the conditions of sale, the item may be resold on the basis of an irresponsible bidding, at the expense of the highest bidder. The resale is done by the judicial officer already requested, under the same conditions of sale. The failing purchaser shall pay the difference between the purchase price and the resale price, without being able to claim the balance between the purchase price and the resale price in case the resale price exceeds the purchase price. This balance will be to the benefit of the provider/seller or to the creditors. The irresponsible bidder is required in addition to the payment of expenses caused by its negligence and by the resale, as well as other charges of any kind, without prejudice to damages for any reason whatsoever. Delivery of a cheque which is not paid immediately at the first presentation, is considered failure to pay, without prejudice to the application of the criminal law if necessary, nor of the protest, discount and other grant.

10. Transfer of ownership - provisional measures
As soon as the highest bidder is determined, all risks related to the purchases will be the responsibility of the purchaser. The item is delivered in the state it is at the time of the auction, with all its apparent and hidden defects. At the auction, the item shall be kept with the utmost care. However, the buyer must take all measures for the preservation of the item. As soon as the highest bidder is determined, items only remain on-site at the risk and under the responsibility of the purchaser, which is solely responsible for the item he bought.

11. State of the items - exhibition
Since items and works of art are exhibited before the auction, and the terms and conditions have been communicated, the purchaser is supposed to be informed fully, personally and on his own responsibility of the state of the items and art objects. He has no recourse against BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS, against the acting judicial officer or against the auctioneer, for error, inaccuracy, or negligence in the description of the items and works of art, nor for inconvenience, discomfort, the state of the items and works of art, their repair or restoration. All data concerning items and the works of art in catalogues, advertisements, brochures or any other written or digital communication from BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS, and especially their description, are provided only for information purposes and without prejudice. Neither BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS, nor the acting judicial officer assume any responsibility in this regard. The sale is preceded by an exhibition during which BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS will be available to the public to provide information to the best of its possibilities; the exhibition is intended to allow the examination of the state of conservation and the quality of the items as well as to provide guidance on possible defects or inaccuracies in the description of the catalogue. The public can also appeal to BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS or to an expert chosen by the interested person, for a thorough review and that, for the duration of the exhibition. BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS is not prepared to take the item back if the description of the catalogue is revoked during the sale and that the right description is given orally to the public. Each visitor is responsible for the damage that he causes to the exposed objects and items, even if it happened coincidentally or involuntarily. Similarly, the provisions of article 2280 of the Civil Code apply to this auction.

12. Passing of possession - removal
The buyer who has paid the full purchase price and costs will pass in possession of the item sold. Upon removal, it is required to submit a proof of payment. No item can be removed during the live auction itself. Unless expressly authorized by BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS, no item will be delivered until full payment of the purchase price and costs. The damage caused during the removal or displacement of items are at the charge and risk of the purchaser. When the time period for the removal is passed, an interest of 1% per month on the hammer price will be charged, with a minimum of € 5 per day and per item. For the removal dates we refer to the terms and conditions printed in the catalogue and on the web site.

13. Refund
In case BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS, for whatever reason, is required to repay the funds that have already been paid, no interest can be counted on this sum.

14. Written and telephone bids
Through a written bid, BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS takes care of its customers purchase bids, free of charge. The purchase of the items is done in the cheapest way possible, provided the price limits or other possible offers allow it. The price limits set by phone are accepted at the risk of the seller. They must be confirmed by letter or fax, undersigned by the bidder. You complete the 'absentee bidding form' [link] during your visit at the auction house, or you download [link] it and deliver it no later than 24 h prior to the auction to BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS, or you send it by email (info(at)bernaerts.be) or by fax (+ 32 3 248 15 93), no later than 5 hours prior to the start of the auction. The auctioneer will try to purchase the item for you at the most beneficial price. These bids are no purchase orders nor commissions, but the orders to buy at the price indicated. In case of equal bid, the oral offer has priority on the written and digital ones. If several written bids of the same amount on the same item reach BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS and the written bids are the highest bid for the item in question, the item will be awarded to the first written bid having reached BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS. The auctioneer is not required to inform the public beforehand. The non-execution of a written bid, a telephone bid or an online bid by mistake or for any other cause (technical or otherwise) cannot be the subject of a claim for damages to BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS. The written, telephone and online bids are a free service offered to customers and cannot result in any kind of responsibility of BERNAERTS AUCTIONEERS.

15. Damage
Each visitor is responsible for the damage caused to the exposed objects and items.

16. Bevoegde rechtbank
All disputes over the sale fall, as appropriate, under the exclusive competence of the courts of Antwerp, regardless of the domicile of the parties. In case these terms and conditions are a translation, the Dutch text will prevail.

Shipping Terms

The auction house is not responsible for packaging and shipping your purchased items. We can recommend a few shipping companies:
https://www.bernaerts.eu/editor_images/file/transport.pdf
Please contact them directly to request a quote.
Costs for packaging and shipping are always at your expense and at your own risk.
For more info contact shipping@bernaerts.be.