Loading Spinner
Don’t miss out on items like this!

Sign up to get notified when similar items are available.

Lot 8: Marinus van Reymerswale, The money-lender

Est: €200,000 EUR - €300,000 EURSold:
Kunsthaus Lempertz KGKöln, GermanyDecember 08, 2020

Item Overview

Description

Marinus van Reymerswale was an enigmatic artist in more ways than one. Securely attributed works of his hand are just as scarce as biographical details of his life. We know only that he was born around 1490 in Reimerswaal in the province of Zeeland; in 1504 he was enrolled as a "poor student" at the University of Leuven and in 1509 he stayed in Antwerp with Quinten Massys. Marinus is then documented as a painter and cartographer in Reimerswaal, his birthplace, in 1531 and later around 1540 he moved to Goes, where he died in 1556 at the latest. In 1604, Karel van Mander wrote in his schilder-boeck that many works by Reymerswale were to be seen in Zeeland and mentioned one with the title A Customs Officer in his Office. Works such as these are still considered the main domain of the painter to this day. For apart from his famous Saint Jerome in His Study, two small panels with depictions of the Virgin, and The Calling of Saint Matthew, Reymerswale only ever painted interior scenes showing customs officers, tax collectors and money changers conducting their dubious business. Van Reymerswale became acquainted with the genre, the so called Kontorbild, during his time with Quinten Massys. However, the persistence and exclusivity with which he pursued this particular subject and the grotesque bitterness with which he imbued his protagonists speak of an entirely different language to that of his predecessor. Marinus mocks "the greed and stinginess, the bureaucratic stubbornness and the harsh relentlessness of counting and weighing money" (Friedländer, op. cit.). In doing so, he distances himself from the classical genre painting, which is concerned with the real-life activities of contemporary people. The figures he depicts, on the other hand, wear strangely old-fashioned costumes and bizarre headgear that appear almost timeless - probably with the aim of unmasking the true nature of the hated professions of usurers and tax collectors. The grotesque forms of his figures' faces and their grimacing features also characterize his protagonists as malicious and deceitful. Van Reymerswale was an angry painter. Or was he just trying to warn us? Although Antwerp can be regarded as Marinus van Reymerswale's spiritual home, his seclusion in the confines of the Dutch provinces appears to have benefited the originality of his works. Apart from the inspiration provided by Massys, his idiosyncratic paintings can be viewed in a more general context somewhere between those of Hieronymus Bosch and Pieter Brueghel the Elder. Avarice and greed also played an important role in these painters' works. Moralizing themes such as these were already being reflected upon in the late 15th and early 16th century in literary works such as Sebastian Brant's Ship of Fools or in the popularity of paintings illustrating biblical quotations, which the Dutch painters hid and encoded, but always consciously incorporated into their works. The deadly sin of greed, or avaritia, was one expanded upon not only by artists, but also by philosophers such as Erasmus of Rotterdam and other Humanists. In art, this subject is often closely connected to the vanitas motif, which later became an independent genre. In the paintings of Marinus van Reymerswale, the idea of the futility and the transience of worldly goods is also subtly but unmistakably referred to in small, seemingly random, objects - for example, the extinguished candle or the oval wooden box full of crumpled papers. This painter's œuvre is characterized by numerous repetitions of the same motifs. The well-known scholar of van Reymerswale's works, Agri Mackor, has attributed alone 19 versions of Saint Jerome in His Study to the artist. However, the expert has confirmed that only one version of the present composition is known to him. Mackor was able to study this painting in person in the late 1980s when it was in the possession of Newhouse art dealers in New York. In doing so, he recognised the similarity between this work and the composition of the money changer in Albrecht Dürer's woodcut The Presentation of the Virgin. The print formed part of his cycle of 19 works on the Life of the Virgin, which was first published in 1511 and reprinted several times in the following years. The inscriptions in this work suggest that the figure depicted is a Waerdiere, an appraiser. In Marinus' time, immovable goods were valued by independent appraisers in order to determine direct taxes on them. We would like to thank Dr Agri Mackor for kindly providing information to assist in cataloguing this lot.

Dimensions

80.5 x 54.5 cm

Medium

Oil on panel

Literature

Peter Van der Coelen and Friso Lammertse (eds.): De ontdekking van het dagelijks leven van Bosch tot Bruegel, Rotterdam, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, exhib. cat. Rotterdam 2015, p.112, fig. 106; About the artist cf. Max J. Friedländer: Die altniederländische Malerei, vol. XII, Leiden 1935, pp. 69-76.

Provenance

With Adam Williams / Newhouse Galleries, New York.

Notes

VAT: Margin scheme

Payment & Shipping

Payment

Accepted forms of payment: American Express, MasterCard, Visa, Wire Transfer

Shipping

Anyone who fails to complete any transaction associated with any bids placed with All American Auction will be sued for "breach of contract". PLEASE NOTE, ONLINE BIDDERS WHO DO NOT PAY FOR THEIR INVOICE WITHIN 4 DAYS OF RECEIVING THEIR INVOICE WILL HAVE THEIR CREDIT CARD ON FILE FROM WEPAY AUCTIONZIP AND INVALUABLE AUTOMATICALLY CHARGED FOR THE COST OF THE WINNING ITEMS AS WELL AS ALL APPLICABLE FEES AND TAXES. ALL INTERNET BIDDERS AGREE TO SAID CREDIT CARD CHARGES PER THESE TERMS. iF YOU DO NOT AGREE DO NOT BID! All online bids will incur a 15% buyer's premium. Declined credit cards will result in legal actions being taken. All legal fees are the sole responsibility of the bidder. Any legal action arising from transactions, either being conducted online or live at our auction hall or any other location represented by All American Auction, will be conducted in Falls County, Texas, USA and under the current laws of the State of Texas, USA. All operations for this auction company are based in Texas and operated under the current laws of Texas, regardless of user or operator computer location.

Auction Details

Masterpieces from the Bischoff Collection

by
Kunsthaus Lempertz KG
December 08, 2020, 05:00 PM CET

Neumarkt 3, Köln, 50667, DE

Terms

Live bidding may start higher or lower

Buyer's Premium

€0 - 400,000:36.32%
€400,001+:30.37%

Bidding Increments

From:To:Increment:
€0€999€50
€1,000€1,999€100
€2,000€3,999€200
€4,000€5,499€300
€5,500€14,999€500
€15,000€29,999€1,000
€30,000€49,999€2,000
€50,000€64,999€3,000
€65,000+€50,000

Terms and Conditions

Conditions of sale
1. The art auction house, Kunsthaus Lempertz KG (henceforth referred to as Lempertz),
conducts public auctions in terms of § 383 paragraph 3 sentence 1 of the
Commercial Code as commissioning agent on behalf of the accounts of submitters,
who remain anonymous. With regard to its auctioneering terms and conditions
drawn up in other languages, the German version remains the official one.
2. The auctioneer reserves the right to divide or combine any catalogue lots or, if it
has special reason to do so, to offer any lot for sale in an order different from that
given in the catalogue or to withdraw any lot from the sale.
3. All lots put up for sale may be viewed and inspected prior to the auction. The
catalogue specifications and related specifications appearing on the internet, which
have both been compiled in good conscience, do not form part of the contractually
agreed to conditions. These specifications have been derived from the status of the
information available at the time of compiling the catalogue. They do not serve as a
guarantee in legal terms and their purpose is purely in the information they provide.
The same applies to any reports on an item's condition or any other information,
either in oral or written form. Certificates or certifications from artists, their estates
or experts relevant to each case only form a contractual part of the agreement if they
are specifically mentioned in the catalogue text. The state of the item is generally not
mentioned in the catalogue. Likewise missing specifications do not constitute an
agreement on quality. All items are used goods.
4. Warranty claims are excluded. In the event of variances from the catalogue descriptions,
which result in negation or substantial diminution of value or suitability,
and which are reported with due justification within one year after handover,
Lempertz nevertheless undertakes to pursue its rights against the seller through the
courts; in the event of a successful claim against the seller, Lempertz will reimburse
the buyer only the total purchase price paid. Over and above this, Lempertz undertakes
to reimburse its commission within a given period of three years after the date
of the sale if the object in question proves not to be authentic.
5. Claims for compensation as the result of a fault or defect in the object auctioned
or damage to it or its loss, regardless of the legal grounds, or as the result of variances
from the catalogue description or statements made elsewhere due to violation of
due dilligence according to §§ 41 ff. KGSG are excluded unless Lempertz acted with
wilful intent or gross negligence; the liability for bodily injury or damages caused to
health or life remains unaffected. In other regards, point 4 applies.
6. Submission of bids. Lempertz reserves the right to approve bidders for the auction
and especially the right to make this approval dependent upon successful identification
in terms of § 1 para. 3 GWG. Bids in attendance: The floor bidder receives
a bidding number on presentation of a photo ID. If the bidder is not known to
Lempertz, registration must take place 24 hours before the auction is due to begin in
writing on presentation of a current bank reference. Bids in absentia: Bids can also
be submitted either in writing, telephonically or via the internet. The placing of bids
in absentia must reach Lempertz 24 hours before the auction to ensure the proper
processing thereof. The item must be mentioned in the bid placed, together with the
lot number and item description. In the event of ambiguities, the listed lot number
becomes applicable. The placement of a bid must be signed by the applicant. The
regulations regarding revocations and the right to return the goods in the case of
long distance agreements (§ 312b-d of the Civil Code) do not apply. Telephone bids:
Establishing and maintaining a connection cannot be vouched for. In submitting
a bid placement, the bidder declares that he agrees to the recording of the bidding
process. Bids via the internet: They will only be accepted by Lempertz if the bidder
registered himself on the internet website beforehand. Lempertz will treat such bids
in the same way as bids in writing.
7. Carrying out the auction: The hammer will come down when no higher bids are
submitted after three calls for a bid. In extenuating circumstances, the auctioneer
reserves the right to bring down the hammer or he can refuse to accept a bid, especially
when the bidder cannot be successfully identified in terms of § 1 para. 3 GWG.
If several individuals make the same bid at the same time, and after the third call,
no higher bid ensues, then the ticket becomes the deciding factor. The auctioneer
can retract his acceptance of the bid and auction the item once more if a higher bid
that was submitted on time, was erroneously overlooked and immediately queried
by the bidder, or if any doubts regarding its acceptance arise. Written bids are only
played to an absolute maximum by Lempertz if this is deemed necessary to outbid
another bid. The auctioneer can bid on behalf of the submitter up to the agreed
limit, without revealing this and irrespective of whether other bids are submitted.
Even if bids have been placed and the hammer has not come down, the auctioneer
is only liable to the bidder in the event of premeditation or gross negligence.
Further information can be found in our privacy policy at www.lempertz.com/
datenschutzerklärung.html
8. Once a lot has been knocked down, the successful bidder is obliged to buy it. If
a bid is accepted conditionally, the bidder is bound by his bid until four weeks after
the auction unless he immediately withdraws from the conditionally accepted bid.
From the fall of the hammer, possession and risk pass directly to the buyer, while
ownership passes to the buyer only after full payment has been received.
9. Up to a hammer price of € 400,000 a premium of 25 % calculated on the hammer
price plus 16 % value added tax (VAT) calculated on the premium only is levied.
The premium will be reduced to 20 % (plus VAT) on any amount surpassing
€ 400,000 (margin scheme).
On lots which are characterized by N, an additional 7 % for import tax will be
charged.
On lots which are characterized by an R, the buyer shall pay the statutory VAT of
16 % on the hammer price and the buyer's premium (regular scheme).
Exports to third (i.e. non-EU) countries will be exempt from VAT, and so will be exports
made by companies from other EU member states if they state their VAT identification
number. For original works of art, whose authors are either still alive or deceased
for less than 70 years (§ 64 UrhG), a charge of 1.8 % on the hammer price will
be levied for the droit de suite. The maximum charge is € 12,500. For payments which
amount to EUR 10,000.00 or more, Lempertz is obliged to make a copy of the photo
ID of the buyer according to §3 of the German Money Laundry Act (GWG). This
applies also to cases in which payments of EUR 10,000.00 or more are being made
for more than one invoice. If a buyer exports an object to a third country personally,
the VAT will be refunded, as soon as Lempertz receives the export and import
papers. All invoices issued on the day of auction or soon after remain under provision.
10. Successful bidders shall forthwith upon the purchase pay to Lempertz the final
price (hammer price plus premium and VAT) in Euro. Bank transfers are to be
exclusively in Euros. The request for an alteration of an auction invoice to a person
other than the bidder has to be made immediately after the auction. Lempertz
however reserves the right to refuse such a request if it is deemed appropriate. The
transfer is subject to successful identification (§ 1 para. 3 GWG) of the bidder and of
the person to whom the invoice is transferred. Invoices will only be issued to those
persons actually responsible for settling the invoices.
11. In the case of payment default, Lempertz will charge 1% interest on the outstanding
amount of the gross price per month.. If the buyer defaults in payment,
Lempertz may at its discretion insist on performance of the purchase contract or,
after allowing a period of grace, claim damages instead of performance. In the latter
case, Lempertz may determine the amount of the damages by putting the lot or lots
up for auction again, in which case the defaulting buyer will bear the amount of any
reduction in the proceeds compared with the earlier auction, plus the cost of resale,
including the premium.
12. Buyers must take charge of their purchases immediately after the auction. Once
a lot has been sold, the auctioneer is liable only for wilful intent or gross negligence.
Lots will not, however, be surrendered to buyers until full payment has been received.
Without exception, shipment will be at the expense and risk of the buyer.
Purchases which are not collected within four weeks after the auction may be stored
and insured by Lempertz on behalf of the buyer and at its expense in the premises of
a freight agent. If Lempertz stores such items itself, it will charge 1 % of the hammer
price for insurance and storage costs.
13. As far as this can be agreed, the place of performance and jurisdiction is Cologne.
German law applies; the German law for the protection of cultural goods applies;
the provisions of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International
Sale of Goods (CISG) are not applicable. Should any provision herein be wholly
or partially ineffective, this will not affect the validity of the remaining provisions.
Regarding the treatment of personal data, we would like to point out the data protection
notice on our website.
Henrik Hanstein, sworn public auctioneer.

Shipping Terms

Anyone who fails to complete any transaction associated with any bids placed with All American Auction will be sued for "breach of contract". PLEASE NOTE, ONLINE BIDDERS WHO DO NOT PAY FOR THEIR INVOICE WITHIN 4 DAYS OF RECEIVING THEIR INVOICE WILL HAVE THEIR CREDIT CARD ON FILE FROM WEPAY AUCTIONZIP AND INVALUABLE AUTOMATICALLY CHARGED FOR THE COST OF THE WINNING ITEMS AS WELL AS ALL APPLICABLE FEES AND TAXES. ALL INTERNET BIDDERS AGREE TO SAID CREDIT CARD CHARGES PER THESE TERMS. iF YOU DO NOT AGREE DO NOT BID! All online bids will incur a 15% buyer's premium. Declined credit cards will result in legal actions being taken. All legal fees are the sole responsibility of the bidder. Any legal action arising from transactions, either being conducted online or live at our auction hall or any other location represented by All American Auction, will be conducted in Falls County, Texas, USA and under the current laws of the State of Texas, USA. All operations for this auction company are based in Texas and operated under the current laws of Texas, regardless of user or operator computer location.

Bidder registration

In order to participate in our auction you need to register 24 hours before the sale. Please be aware; we reserve the right to ask bidders for a deposit prior to the sale.

Buyers Premium

A premium of 28 % calculated (25% + 3% live bidding fee) on the hammer price plus 16 % value added tax calculated on the surcharge only is levied (margin scheme). On the lots which are characterized by an *, the buyer shall pay a premium of 23% (20% + 3% live bidding fee) on the hammer price; onto this (hammer price and premium) the statutory VAT of 16% will be added. (Regelbesteuerung = regular scheme). For original works of art and photographies whose author died after 31.12.1947, a charge of 1.8% on the hammer price will be levied fort he droit de suite.