Lot 84: [REVOLUTIONARY WAR]. Manuscript orderly book, kept by First Lieutenant Samuel Smith (1749-1836), serving in Captain John Lacey's Company of the Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, under command of General Anthony Wayne dated from 11 June to 22

[REVOLUTIONARY WAR]. Manuscript orderly book, kept by First Lieutenant Samuel Smith (1749-1836), serving in Captain John Lacey's Company of the Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, under command of General Anthony Wayne dated from 11 June to 22 September 1776, recording encampments in the New York area, the battalion's journey up the Hudson and Lake George to join the Fort Ticonderoga garrison under command of General Benedict Arnold.

4to (8 1/16 x 6¼ in), 70 leaves (141pp). (Apparently lacking 3 or 4 leaves at front and perhaps 4 at back, many leaves folded at corners with loss of few words, last leaf badly damaged). (Disbound).

"BLEEDING IN THE CAUSE OF LIBERTY AND THEIR COUNTRY": THE CONTINENTAL ARMY OCCUPIES CROWN POINT AND FORT TICONDEROGA, preparing to repel a British attack from Canada. A highly interesting orderly book from the Continental Army's Northern Department, holding Crown Point and Ticonderoga after the unsuccessful Canadian campaign. (Both forts had been captured from the British by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold in 1775.) In his neat and very clear hand, Lt. Smith records, each day, the site of the encampment ("Fort Ticonderoga"), the daily password ("parole") and countersign, the officer of the day and his adjutant, and enters daily orders from the commander, from the brigade commander, courts-martial, directions for march, and resolutions of the Continental Congress. Among the general officers named are Heath, Wayne, Putnam, Hazen and St. Clair. Smith documents the battalion's stint in New York building earthworks and fortifications ("these posts are to be defended to the last extremity'), an eventful sail up the Hudson to Lake George and, finally, the large garrison at Fort Ticonderoga under command of Arnold. A contigent of "Stockbridge Indians" allied to the American forces are the subject of several entries.

A few sample entries: 13 June 1776: "The Party at Kingsbridge to be Reinforc'd...a Guard to be mounted over the Cannon...." -- 14 June: "These additional Artillerymen are to be deliver'd to Col. [Henry] Knox, with their Necessaries, at the Bowling Green...." Tools for entrenching are to be inventoried at outposts including "New York, Long Island [Brooklyn], Governor's Island, Powles Hook...." -- 16 June: A courts martial orders Lt. Oakley be cashiered from the army for "assaulting & Beating without Provocation one Miss Patterson, an Inhabitant of the City of New York." Officers are cautioned that "any Soldier being drunk on parade shall be confined & try'd...." -- 21 June: Smith records a resolve of "the Honourable Continental Congress" prohibiting the sale of ammunition by any soldier and stipulating "the Baggage of officers and soldiers shall be Regulated Conformable to the Rules and Customs of the British Army...." One page contains a list of drum rolls: "in Order that the Soldiers may be acquainted with the sound of the Drum...and understand the meaning of Each Beat...." -- 22 June: "Aaron Burr Esq. is appointed Aide [de] camp to General Putnam," in place of Major Samuel Blatchley Webb (1753-1807).

-- 29 June: Records, in detail, as if in a personal diary, the battalion's embarkation on a sloop for Albany, the first night's camp at Dobbs Ferry, the next day's move upriver "the Jersey side...being very Mountainous and Rocky." -- 30 June: Sailing past Haverstraw, "the River being about five Miles wide," they "enter'd the [Hudson] Highlands through a narrow passage..." passing Fort Montgomery, Constitution Island and "a place call'd the West Point, very strongly built of stone...." They arrive at Albany ("an old built town") on July 2, then march to Stillwater and General Schuyler's on July 4, Fort Edwards ("a very strong fort"), Lake George, and finally, on June 12, Fort Ticonderoga, which "is all Decayed, with two redoubts," commanded by Brigadier Benedict Arnold.

15 July: Colonels Arthur Sinclair and Anthony Wayne lay out the encampment for the Pennsylvania regiments. -- 17 July: Wane directs that all in his command "always appear washed and shaved, and their hair Plaited & Powder'd, with their arms in good order...." The regiment "moved our Encampment to the old French line where Lord Howe fell in the year 1758, half a mile Distance from Fort Ticonderoga...." -- 22 July: "The three Brigades Commanded by General Arnold, Col. Read & Col. [John] Stark...will Encamp upon the ground allotted to them on the Heights." -- 27 July: Stern warnings against sutlers who have been selling rum to the soldiers. 30 July: "The General [Arnold] is exceedingly astonish'd and concern'd to find such Stupidness & Indolence prevailing in the three Brigades stationed upon Mount Independence, as if it was a time of Peace...." -- "The commissary has received 500 Shirts from Albany"; rations are specified as 1½ lb of flour, 1½ of beef or 1 lb of pork. -- 7 August: Col. Moses Hazen (1733-1803) is acquitted by courts martial of "neglect of duty for "refusing to receive into the store the goods General Arnold sent to Chamble [Chamblis]...& suffering them to be Plundered." -- 15 August: An inspirational message from General Arnold: "When the weather clears, the General [Arnold] hopes the troops will turn out in a spirited manner to finish the works. The honour of the Army and the preservation of the Liberty of America depends on their animated Exertions this Campaign, [so] that...freedom will be restored to America and every Inhabitant under his own Vine and Fig Tree may enjoy the Inestimable Blessings thereof." -- 19 August: All men "infected with the Small Pox is must "be sent to the General Hospital at Lake George" after taking an oath that he has not been inoculated. -- 21 August: After a local resident is robbed, a strict injunction against "pillaging and marauding," as "this Army is paid to protect & not to pilfer, the Inhabitants...." -- 27 August: Disturbed evidently by news of Washington's crushing defeat in the Battle of Long Island, Arnold exhorts his command, noting that "our Friends and Countrymen are engag'd with the enemy and every moment Bleeding in the Cause of Liberty & their Country"; while "the same heat and Cold that effects us effects our enemies," asserts that "all is at Stake" for America, so they must "defeat the unprincipled mercenaries of an unrelenting tyrant...." -- 9 September: "The General [Arnold] has reason to think that the Enemy have Spies in or about our Camp;" officers should "endeavour to discover such Person or Persons if there be any amongst us." -- 13 September: Notes the arrival of "the Independent Company of Indians from Stockbridge, under the command of Israel Whitley," who are "to wear a blue & red cap as a Distinguishing mark, from the Enemy's Indians, of this all the Officers & Soldier...are to take particular notice to the end that we may not by mistake Kill on of our Friends in stead of our Enemies." -- 16 September: "So much Counterfeit money of late being brought into the Camp...the General forbids any Money passing or being Rec'd but Continental Money." -- 23 September: "The General entreats the Officers and Soldiers under his command to show by their vigilance & Assiduity, that they [will] Defend their Country from Invasion either to live Victorious or Die Free...."

Property from the Collection of John W. Whiteley, Jr.